CULTURE AND TRADITION OF UTTARAKHAND
The culture and tradition of Uttarakhand reflect the serene beauty and spiritual essence of the Himalayas. Known as “Devbhoomi” or “Land of the Gods,” Uttarakhand is rich in religious heritage, home to sacred sites like Kedarnath, Badrinath, Haridwar, and Rishikesh. The stateโs culture is deeply influenced by Hinduism, with traditional festivals like Makar Sankranti, Nanda Devi Raj Jat, and Kumaoni Holi celebrated with vibrant folk music, dance, and rituals. The people of Uttarakhand preserve their heritage through oral storytelling, handicrafts, and regional cuisines like chainsoo, kafuli, and aaloo ke gutke. Folk dances such as Chholiya and Garhwali songs add to the charm, embodying a unique blend of nature worship and devotion, making Uttarakhandโs culture truly distinctive and spiritually rich.
TRADITIONAL FOOD OF UTTARAKHAND
Bal Mithai
Bal Mithai is a popular sweet from Uttarakhand, especially loved in the Kumaon region. Made from roasted khoya (thickened milk) and coated with tiny white sugar balls, it has a rich, caramel-like flavor. This unique, fudgy dessert is often associated with Almora, where it originated, and is a must-try for anyone exploring the flavors of Uttarakhand.
Aloo Ke Gutke
Aloo ke Gutke is a popular and simple traditional dish from Uttarakhand, known for its bold flavors and rustic charm. It is made with boiled potatoes that are cut into chunks and then sautรฉed with a mix of spices, making it a flavorful accompaniment to rice or roti. The dish is especially loved for its spicy and tangy taste, which comes from a combination of local herbs and ingredients.
Bhatt Ki Churkani
Bhatt Ki Churkani is a traditional dish from Uttarakhand, made using bhatt (black soybeans), which are locally grown in the region’s hilly areas. The name “churkani” refers to the dish’s thick, stew-like consistency, where the beans absorb the flavors of the spices, resulting in a hearty and satisfying meal, and is often served with rice or chapati (flatbread).
Singodi
Singodi is a traditional sweet from Uttarakhand, made by wrapping a mixture of condensed milk, sugar, and rice flour in a colocasia leaf and steaming it. This delicacy has a rich, creamy texture and is often enjoyed during festivals and special occasions, showcasing the regionโs unique way of preparing sweets.
Jholi
Jholi is a traditional, flavorful dish from the state, typically made with yogurt, chickpea flour (besan), and a blend of spices. It is a variation of the well-known Indian Kadi, with its own distinct taste influenced by the local ingredients and cooking styles of Uttarakhand. The dish is usually served with rice, making for a wholesome and comforting meal.
Gahat Ke Kofte
Gahat ke Kofte is a traditional Uttarakhandi dish made from mashed horse gram (gahat) mixed with spices and shaped into dumplings. These dumplings are then simmered in a flavorful curry, creating a nutritious and hearty meal. Known for its earthy taste, Gahat ke Kofte showcases the unique use of local pulses in Uttarakhandโs cuisine.
Mandve Ki Roti
Mandve ki Roti is a nutritious flatbread from Uttarakhand made with mandua (finger millet) flour. Known for its earthy taste and high fiber content, this roti is often enjoyed with ghee or served alongside traditional curries, reflecting the region’s emphasis on wholesome, locally-sourced ingredients.
Bhang Ki Chutney
Bhang ki Chutney is a traditional condiment from Uttarakhand, made using roasted hemp seeds (bhang), green chilies, garlic, and spices. Known for its nutty, earthy flavor, this chutney adds a unique, flavorful kick to local dishes and reflects the innovative use of regional ingredients in Uttarakhandi cuisine.
Jhangore Ki Kheer
Jhangore Ki Kheer is a traditional and delicious dessert from Uttarakhand, made using jhangora, also known as barnyard millet. The dish is quite nutritious, offering a good source of fiber, protein, and essential minerals, making it not only delicious but also healthy. Jhangore Ki Kheer is commonly served warm, though it can also be enjoyed chilled.
Pahadi Laal Chawal
Pahadi Laal Chawal is a traditional and flavorful dish from Uttarakhand, made with red rice (also known as laal chawal), which is a variety of rice grown in the hilly regions of the state. Pahadi Laal Chawal is not only tasty but also highly nutritious, as it retains more fiber and minerals compared to white rice, making it a healthier alternative
Urad Ke Pakore
Urad ke Pakode are a popular snack in Uttarakhand, made from ground urad dal (black gram) mixed with spices and deep-fried to a crispy, golden perfection. Often enjoyed with chai, these fritters have a soft, fluffy interior and are a local favorite during rainy days and festivals, reflecting the comforting flavors of Uttarakhandi cuisine.
Kandali Ka Saag
Kandali ka Saag is a traditional dish from Uttarakhand made with kandali (stinging nettle) leaves, known for their nutritional benefits. The leaves are carefully cooked with spices to reduce their sting, creating a flavorful, nutrient-rich saag. This unique dish reflects the resourceful use of wild, local greens in Uttarakhandi cuisine.
Kumauni Raita
Kumaoni Raita is a refreshing side dish from Uttarakhand, made with yogurt, grated cucumber, and spices like mustard and green chilies. Known for its tangy, mildly spiced flavor, this raita complements the region’s spicy dishes and adds a cooling balance to Uttarakhandi meals.
MUSIC & INSTRUMENTS
Dhol Damaun
Dhol is a traditional drum used in many Indian folk dances, especially in Uttarakhand. The dhol is played with vigor and is the primary instrument that drives the rhythm of the dance. Damaun is a long wooden stick or rod that is often used as a prop in the dance or to keep the rhythm in sync with the drumming.
Dholki
The Dholki is a traditional percussion instrument from Uttarakhand, particularly popular in the Kumaon and Garhwal regions. It is a smaller, hand-held version of the dhol, a large double-headed drum commonly used in many Indian folk traditions. The Dholki is known for its lively, rhythmic beats and is typically played during local festivals, religious ceremonies, and cultural celebrations.
Harmonium
The Harmonium is a keyboard instrument commonly used in Indian classical, devotional, and folk music. With its bellows that create air pressure to produce sound, the harmonium is often played to accompany vocal performances and is an integral part of Uttarakhand’s musical traditions.
Thali
The Thali is a traditional instrument from Uttarakhand, commonly used in religious and folk music. It consists of a metal plate, typically struck with a stick to produce a sharp, resonating sound. Often used in temples and cultural events, the Thali adds rhythm to folk dances and songs, reflecting the region’s musical heritage
Bhankora
The Bhankora is a traditional percussion instrument from Uttarakhand, often used in the folk music of the region. It is a type of hand-held drum that is made from a hollow wooden body, typically with animal skin stretched over the openings on either end. The Bhankora is played with the hands or sometimes with sticks to create deep, resonant beats.
Turri
The Turri, primarily used in the folk music of the region. It is a type of wind instrument, similar in sound to a flute, and is typically made from a bamboo or wooden pipe. The Turri is known for its simple yet melodious tone, and it is often played during cultural events, festivals, and religious ceremonies in Uttarakhand.
Masakbhaja
The Masakbhaja is a traditional musical instrument from Uttarakhand, India. It is similar to the bagpipe and is often used in the Kumaon and Garhwal regions of the state. This folk instrument typically accompanies festive occasions, traditional dance forms, and cultural events, adding a distinctive melodic element that resonates with the spirit of Uttarakhand’s mountainous landscapes.
Ransingha
The Ranshinga is a traditional brass or copper wind instrument used in Uttarakhand, primarily in the Garhwal region. It is a type of trumpet or horn that has a distinctive, loud and resonant sound. The Ranshinga is made from metal and has a long, curved shape, similar to a horn, with a wide opening at the end.
Tabla
The Tabla is a traditional instrument, widely used in classical, devotional, and folk music. Comprising two hand-played drumsโthe smaller dayan and the larger bayanโit produces a rich variety of sounds. Known for its rhythmic complexity, the tabla is an essential part of the music culture in Uttarakhand and across India
ART & CRAFT
Aipan Art
Aipan Art is a folk art, a culture and tradition of Uttarakhand, characterized by intricate, symmetrical patterns painted on floors and walls using rice flour. Often created during festivals and auspicious occasions, this art form symbolizes prosperity, happiness, and spiritual purity, reflecting the cultural heritage of the region.
Pine Wood Craft
Pinewood craft is a art which reflects the culture and tradition of Uttarakhand, where artisans carve and shape pinewood into various decorative and functional items. Known for its durability and unique grain, pinewood is used to create products like furniture, utensils, and sculptures, reflecting the region’s craftsmanship and connection to nature
Wood Carving
Wood carving in Uttarakhand is a traditional craft known for its intricate and detailed designs, often depicting religious symbols, animals, and nature. This art form is widely practiced in the region, with artisans creating decorative items like doors, windows, and household objects, showcasing the craftsmanship and cultural heritage of the state.
Wool Weaving
Wool weaving is a culture and tradition of Uttarakhand, practiced particularly in the rural and forested regions of the state. This craft involves weaving thin strips of wood or bamboo into intricate patterns and designs to create functional and decorative items. The practice is a fusion of woodcraft and weaving, showcasing the regionโs connection to nature and its artisanal heritage.
Candle/Wax Craft
Candle and wax crafts in Uttarakhand involve shaping and decorating wax into intricate designs, often used for festivals and special occasions. Artisans create candles in various shapes, colors, and patterns, adding a decorative touch to homes while reflecting the region’s creativity and cultural traditions.
UTTARAKHAND TRADITIONAL DRESS
Kumaoni
The Kumoni people are one of the major ethnic groups in Uttarakhand, primarily residing in the Kumaon region of the state, which is located in the eastern part of Uttarakhand. The Kumoni people have a rich cultural heritage and are deeply connected to the traditions, customs, and natural surroundings of the region. The primary language spoken by the Kumoni people is Kumoni.
Nepali
The Nepali people in Uttarakhand are an important ethnic group primarily residing in the districts of Pithoragarh, Champawat, and parts of Nainital and Almora. They are primarily descendants of migrants from Nepal who settled in Uttarakhand over several generations. Many Nepali men have served in the Indian Army, especially in the Gorkha regiments, which are known for their valor and bravery. In urban areas, they also work in businesses, trade, and tourism.
Garhwali
The Garhwali people are one of the major ethnic groups of Uttarakhand, primarily residing in the Garhwal region of the state, which covers districts such as Dehradun, Tehri Garhwal, Pauri Garhwal, Rudraprayag, Chamoli, and Uttarkashi. Known for their rich cultural traditions, strong community ties, and deep connection to the mountains, the Garhwali people have a distinct identity that is rooted in the Himalayan landscape.
Jaunsari
The Jaunsari people are an indigenous ethnic group primarily residing in the Jaunsar-Bawar region of Uttarakhand, which is located in the northern part of the state, bordering Himachal Pradesh. The Jaunsari people speak Jaunsari, a dialect of the Hindi language with influences from Pahari and other regional languages. The culture of the Jaunsari people is vibrant, with a rich mix of rituals, customs, and folklore.
Bhotiya
The Bhotia people are an indigenous ethnic group residing in the higher altitudes of Uttarakhand, especially in the Jaunsar-Bawar, Pithoragarh, Almora, and Chamoli districts. The term “Bhotia” is believed to have originated from the word “Bhot”, which refers to Tibet, as these people are thought to have migrated from Tibet centuries ago. The most common languages spoken by the Bhotias include Bhotia (Tibetan dialects), Hindi, and Nepali.
FESTIVALS
Harela Parv
Harela Parv, culture and tradition of Uttarakhand, is an important and vibrant festival celebrated in Uttarakhand, particularly marking the onset of the monsoon season and the beginning of the agricultural cycle. It is observed by planting seeds, particularly barley, and nurturing them as a symbol of prosperity and a good harvest. The festival holds significant cultural importance as it reflects the deep connection between the people of Uttarakhand and nature.
Nanda Raj Jat
Nanda Devi Raj Jat is a sacred and grand pilgrimage festival held in Uttarakhand, dedicated to Goddess Nanda Devi. It occurs once every 12 years and involves a long, arduous journey through the remote hills of Kumaon. Pilgrims, along with the deity’s idol, trek across difficult terrains, with vibrant processions, music, and rituals along the way. The festival celebrates the goddess’s divine presence and is a significant cultural and religious event for the people of Uttarakhand.
Phool Dei Chamma Dei
Phool Dei Chamma Dei is a traditional festival celebrated in the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand, particularly by the people of the Kumaoni community. Phool Dei Chamma Dei is celebrated on the first day of Chaitra (the first month of the Hindu calendar), which generally falls in March or April. The word “Phool” means flower, and “Dei” refers to an offering. During this festival, people go from house to house, offering flowers and sweets to neighbors, relatives, and friends.
Kumbh Mela
In Uttarakhand, the Kumbh Mela is held at Haridwar, one of the four sacred locations where this grand festival takes place every 12 years. It is one of the most significant religious events in India, attracting millions of devotees and pilgrims from across the world. Haridwar, situated on the banks of the Ganges River, is considered one of the holiest places for Hindus. It reflects the culture and tradition of Uttarakhand.
Devidhura Mela
The Devidhura Mela is a prominent and culturally significant fair held annually in the Devidhura town of Almora district in Uttarakhand. It is dedicated to Lord Devi (a form of the Hindu Goddess Durga) and is celebrated with great enthusiasm, drawing thousands of devotees from all over the region. The Devidhura Mela is traditionally held during the month of August or September and coincides with the festival of Raksha Bandhan.
Makar Sankranti
Makar Sankranti is a major festival celebrated in Uttarakhand, marking the transition of the sun into the zodiac sign of Capricorn. It signifies the end of winter and the arrival of warmer days, symbolizing new beginnings and prosperity. People celebrate with kite flying, bonfires, and offering prayers to the sun. Traditional foods like tilgul (sesame and jaggery sweets) are shared, and communities come together to enjoy the festive spirit, reflecting a deep connection to nature and the harvest season.
Kumaon Bethak Holi
Kumaon Bethak Holi is a unique form of Holi celebrated in the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand. It is distinct for its devotional and musical elements, with people gathering in a communal setting to sing traditional Holi songs (Holi ke Geet) and play instruments like the dhol and flute. Unlike the typical color-throwing celebrations, Bethak Holi focuses on spiritual songs and ritualistic application of colors. It is a culture and tradition of Uttarakhand.
Ganga Dussehra
Ganga Dussehra is an important Hindu festival celebrated in Uttarakhand and across northern India, dedicated to the holy river Ganga. The festival marks the descent of the Ganga river to the Earth from Lord Shivaโs matted hair, as per Hindu mythology. It is observed on the 10th day (Dussehra) of the Jyeshtha month (usually May or June) in the Hindu lunar calendar, and it is also known as the “Tenth Day of Ganga”.
Ghughutiya
The Ghughutiya Festival, a culture and tradition of Uttarakhand is a unique celebration, especially during the Tihar festival, which is also known as the Festival of Lights. This festival has a distinct cultural significance, primarily centered around the preparation and offering of Ghughutiya, a sweet dish made from wheat flour, ghee, and sugar syrup.
LANGUAGES
Kumaoni
Kumaoni is a language spoken primarily in the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand, India. It belongs to the Indo-Aryan language family and is closely related to Hindi, though it has distinct phonetic, grammatical, and lexical differences. Kumaoni is widely spoken by the people in the districts of Almora, Nainital, Pithoragarh, Champawat, and Bageshwar.
Garhwali
Garhwali is a language spoken primarily in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand, India. The Garhwali language is an essential part of the cultural and social identity of the people in the Garhwal region, including areas such as Tehri, Rudraprayag, Pauri, Chamoli, and Uttarkashi. Garhwali is traditionally an oral language, but it is increasingly being written using the Devanagari script, the same script used for Hindi and Sanskrit.
Jaunsari
Jaunsari is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Jaunsari people in the Jaunsar-Bawar region of Uttarakhand, India, primarily in the districts of Dehradun and Tehri Garhwal. It is one of the lesser-known languages in Uttarakhand and holds significant cultural importance for the local community.
Nepali
Nepali is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Nepali community in Uttarakhand, particularly in regions bordering Nepal. It is the official language of Nepal and holds cultural significance for many people in Uttarakhand, where it is spoken alongside Hindi and regional dialects. Nepali is known for its rich literature, folk songs, and close ties to the culture and traditions of the Himalayan region.
